Glossary of Terms

Title	Description
12-hour guideline	The body needs time each day for both digestion and detoxification. Digestion typically requires as many as 8 hours. The detoxification process -- which won't kick in until digestion is complete -- requires an additional 4 hours. Interrupting the digestive cycle restarts the digestion timer. The 12-hour guideline ensures adequate time each day (night) to complete both processes.
3-day Retreat	An optional component of the cleanse, for those who are ready, that deepens the cleanse by moving to an all liquid diet (or a kitcharee-based diet) during the third week of the cleanse.
Acid	A substance that releases hydrogen ions when ionized in water; (having a pH of less than 7); acids are sour to the taste
Acid-alkaline balance	Foods that yield an acidic condition when metabolised by the body
Acid forming foods	The state achieved by consuming a balanced diet of acid-forming and alkaline-forming foods that supports the body's ability to detoxify itself and to maintain the proper pH of the blood without drawing down the natural Calcium buffer in the bones.
Addictive foods	Foods that bring about a response in which the brain requires increasing quantities to achieve the same level of perceived effect. Sugar and caffeine are two examples of addictive foods.
Adrenal Fatigue	A condition that results from prolonged exposure to stressors that may be environmental, physical, emotional or social in nature. The adrenal glands become over burdened and diminish in their ability to regulate the body's normal stress response. Symptoms include fatigue, overwhelm, irritability, forgetfulness, depression, cravings and insomnia.
Adrenaline	A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress; stimulates autonomic nerve action
Alejandro Junger	Well known author and doctor who's book 'Clean' has inspired tens of thousands of people to undertake a 21-day cleanse program. That program encourages the purchase and use of nutritional supplements to support the cleanse diet.
Alkaline	Water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water; having a pH greater than 7
Alkaline forming foods	Foods that yield an alkaline condition when metabolised by the body.
Alkaline ionized water	Water that has been filtered and ionized resulting in a higher alkalinity.
Alkaline minerals	The most important alkaline forming minerals are Calcium, Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium. Extremely important nutrients to balance the acid forming processes in the body.
Allergy	A state of hypersensitivity caused by exposure to allergens. It results in the liberation of histamine and other molecules with histaminelike effects.
Aloe	Succulent plants having rosettes of leaves usually with fiber like hemp and spikes of showy flowers; found chiefly in Africa; aloe Vera is good for heartburn and helps to reduce the symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome.
Amino acid	Amino acids are small molecules that are used as building blocks for all proteins. Some amino acids are also used in the body for the manufacture of hormones. There are about 20 nutritionally important amino acids, including glutamic acid, glycine, methionine, lysine, tryptophan, serine, and glycine.
Antihistamine	A medicine used to treat allergies and hypersensitive reactions and colds; works by counteracting the effects of histamine on a receptor site
Antimicrobial	A substance capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth of disease-causing microorganisms; an agent (as heat or radiation or a chemical) that destroys microorganisms that might carry disease
Antioxidant	Any substance that reduces the damage caused by oxidation, such as the harm caused by free radicals.
Arginine	A bitter tasting amino acid found in proteins and necessary for nutrition; its absence from the diet leads to a reduced production of spermatozoa
Ayurvedic medicine	A system of traditional medicine native to the Indian subcontinent and a form of alternative medicine. Ayurveda stresses the use of plant-based medicines and treatments. Hundreds of plant-based medicines are employed, Contemporary Ayurvedic theory tends to emphasise that building a healthy metabolic system, attaining good digestion, and proper excretion lead to vitality. Ayurveda also focuses on exercise, yoga, and meditation.
Benzene	A colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds
Benzoate	Any salt or ester of benzoic acid. May interfere with liver detoxification functions.
Beta carotene	A phytonutrient that is an isomer of carotene found in dark green and yellow fruits and vegetables and that is converted to vitamin A, primarily in the liver.
Bile	A bitter, alkaline, brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow fluid that is secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and discharged into the duodenum and aids in the emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats.
Binding	The union of a toxic substance with a normal constituent of the body, such as glucuronic acid, to form an inactive product that is then eliminated. Also known as conjugation
Biofeedback	A training program in which a person is given information about physiological processes (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them
Bioflavinoid	A vitamin that maintains the resistance of cell and capillary walls to permeation
BioMat	The Amethyst BioMat uses far infra-red heat to encourage the dilation of peripheral blood vessels, increasing the delivery of oxygen-rich blood to muscles and promoting the elimination of metabolic waste products and toxins.
BPA	Stands for 'bisphenol A'. BPA is an industrial chemical used to make certain plastics and resins since the 1960s. It is found in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastics are often used in containers that store food and beverages, such as water bottles. They may also be used in other consumer goods. Research has shown that BPA can seep into food or beverages from containers that are made with BPA. Exposure to BPA is a concern because of possible health effects on the brain, behavior and prostate gland of fetuses, infants and children.
Caffeine	A bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects on the central nervous system. eople who use large amounts of caffeine over long periods build up a tolerance to it. When this happens, they have to use more and more caffeine to get the same effects. Heavy caffeine use can also lead to dependence. If the person then stops using caffeine abruptly, withdrawal symptoms may occur.
Candida/yeast	A type of yeast, commonly part of the normal flora of the mouth, skin, intestinal tract and vagina, but can cause a variety of diseases. Most infections are associated with predisposing factors, particularly immune suppression.
Carbohydrate	A compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the latter two usually in the proportions of water (CH2O)n. They are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, poly- and heterosaccharides. Carbohydrates in food are an important and immediate source of energy for the body; 1 gram of carbohydrate yields 3.75 calories (16 kilojoules). They are present, at least in small quantities, in most foods, but the chief sources are the sugars and starches of plants. Herbivores are able to utilize the insoluble polysaccharides (crude fiber) because of bacterial conversion to volatile fatty acids by fermentation in the rumen and cecum. Carbohydrates may be stored in the body as glycogen for future use. If they are eaten in excessive amounts they are converted to and stored as fat.
Celtic sea salt	Naturally harvested from the Atlantic seawater off the coast of Brittany, France. Among the minerals and trace elements found in Celtic sea salt are iodine, iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, potassium and zinc. The 84 trace minerals provide the necessary nutrients and protect the body from the harshness of sodium chloride that we consume from commercial salt. The appropriate magnesium content ensures that unused sodium is quickly and completely eliminated from the body through the kidneys to prevent harm.
Check-In Questionnaire	A questionnaire administered prior to the cleanse. It is designed to assess a broad number of factors related to nutrition, lifestyle and health. Indicator scores are calculated for Adrenal Fatigue and Candida/Yeast overgrowth issues - either of which might lead to adaptation of the clense to fit your personal needs.
Chiropractic	A method of treatment that manipulates body structures (especially the spine) to relieve low back pain or even headache or high blood pressure
Chronic stress	Prolonged stress that exceeds a body's ability to handle and that often leads to a variety of illnesses or dysfunctional conditions.
Clean	The name of Alejandro Junger's 21-day cleanse program based on his book of the same title.
Clean 15	A list compiled by the Environmental Working group to help you choose which fruits and vegetables are least likely to have pesticide residue. See Dirty Dozen.
Cleanse	A program designed to reduce your intake of foods that have negative impacts on your body while increasing the intake of alkaline forming foods with high nutrient density. The healthier food choices will support your body's own ability to detoxify itself. During the cleanse, common allergens, habit forming, highly processed and enzyme-depleting foods are avoided.
Cleanse Overview	A brief summary of the 3 main phases of the cleanse process.
Cleanse Phase	The second and longest period of your detox cleanse, ie, Days 6 - 23. During this phase, you will not only eat from the Keepers and Castaways list but will also have specific meal formats. Your morning meal will be a shake or smoothie and lunch will be the main meal of the day. Dinner should consist of soups, salad, a shake or lightly steamed veggies. During this phase, you may start at somewhat of an energy low point but by the end should be feeling a new sense of mental clarity and vitality.
Coffee enema	An enema that uses green coffee to stimulate bile and hepatic glutathione production, in order to help the liver detoxify the body.
Colon	The part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
Colonic hydrotherapy	Uses tubes to inject water, sometimes mixed with herbs or with other liquids, into the colon via the rectum using special equipment. The most modern methods use FDA approved medical equipment. Colonic irrigation treatment usually takes about 40 minutes. Colonic irrigation is not the same as an enema as colonic irrigaion clears the is bowel thoroughly cleared where an enema does not does not clear the complete bowel but merely the sigmoid colon area. During an enema, the water is retained in the colon for approximately 15 minutes. During a colonic, water is introduced into the colon and then it is flushed out and this is repeated until the entire colon is cleared.
Complex carbohydrate	A carbohydrate, that is composed of a large number of glucose molecules, so called to distinguish it from a simple sugar (also known as 'polysaccharides' ).
Constipation	Irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels; of some concern during the cleanse as we want the toxins to be passed out of the body as quickly as possible to prevent reabsorption.
Cortisol	A hormone released by the cortex (outer portion) of the adrenal gland when a person is under stress. It regulates carbohydrate metabolism and the immune system and maintains blood pressure.
Cruciferous vegetables	One of the dominant food crops worldwide and include cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli, kale and similar green leaf vegetables. They are widely considered to be healthy foods, high in vitamin C and soluble fiber and contain multiple nutrients and phytochemicals. These vegetables contain a number of protective agents for the liver, which support the glutathione pathway and detoxification of carcinogens.
Dehydration	Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This condition can result from illness; a hot, dry climate; prolonged exposure to sun or high temperatures; not drinking enough water; and overuse of diuretics or other medications that increase urination. Dehydration can upset the delicate fluid-salt balance needed to maintain healthy cells and tissues.
Detoxification	One of the more widely used treatments and concepts in alternative medicine. It is based on the principle that illnesses can be caused by the accumulation of toxic substances (toxins) in the body. Eliminating existing toxins and avoiding new toxins are essential parts of the healing process. A detox cleanse program such as this one will focus on diet, hydration and gentle exercise to speed the elimination of accumulated toxins in the body. Detoxification is helpful for those patients suffering from many chronic diseases and conditions, including allergies, anxiety, arthritis, asthma, chronic infections, depression, diabetes, headaches, heart disease, high cholesterol, low blood sugar levels, digestive disorders, mental illness, and obesity. It is helpful for those with conditions that are influenced by environmental factors, such as cancer, as well as for those who have been exposed to high levels of toxic materials due to accident or occupation. Detoxification therapy is useful for those suffering from allergies or immune system problems that conventional medicine is unable to diagnose or treat, including chronic fatigue syndrome, environmental illness/multiple chemical sensitivity, and fibromyalgia. Symptoms for those suffering these conditions may include unexplained fatigue, increased allergies, hypersensitivity to common materials, intolerance to certain foods and indigestion, aches and pains, low grade fever, headaches, insomnia, depression, sore throats, sudden weight loss or gain, lowered resistance to infection, general malaise, and disability. Detoxification can be used as a beneficial preventative measure and as a tool to increase overall health, vitality, and resistance to disease.
Dietary supplement	Substances intended to provide nutrients that may otherwise not be consumed in sufficient quantities. Supplements as generally understood include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, or amino acids, among other substances. U.S. authorities define dietary supplements as foods, while elsewhere they may be classified as drugs or other products. There are more than 50,000 dietary supplements available.
Digestion	The process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body, especially that accomplished in the alimentary canal by the mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of foods into simpler chemical compounds. The organs that ingest, digest and absorp food or nutritients include the mouth, teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines. The accessory organs of digestion, which contribute secretions important to digestion, include the salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder.
Digestive enzymes	Molecules that catalyze the breakdown of large molecules (usually food) into smaller molecules. Digestive enzymes include: include salivary (amylase), gastric (pepsin), pancreatic (trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase), small intestinal mucosa (carbohydrases including isomaltase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, trehalase).
Dirty Dozen	List of fruits and vegetables compiled by the Environmental Working Group that require the most pesticides when grown with conventional methods. Try to buy organically grown varieties for these foods. (apples, celery, sweet bell peppers, peaches, strawberries, nectarines, grapes, spinach, lettuce, cucumbers, blueberries, and potatoes).
Dry brush massage	An invigorating start to your morning routine. This is a traditional therapeutic practice that exfoliates and tones the skin, increases circulation and alleviates muscle tension. The stimulated blood flow and lymphatic drainage helps to move toxins to where they can be eliminated.
Electrolyte	Electrolytes are certain minerals that play an important role in muscle function. Low levels of any of these minerals can allow the muscle to contract, but prevent it from relaxing. Coconut water is a great source of electrolytes and can be wonderful during or after physical exertion.
Endotoxin	A toxin contained in the cell walls of some microorganisms, that is released when the bacterium dies and is broken down in the body. Fever, chills, shock, leukopenia, and a variety of other symptoms result, depending on the particular organism and the condition of the infected person.
Enema	Gentle injection of a liquid through the anus to stimulate elimination of fecal matter. Sometimes used for diagnostic purposes.
Enzyme	Proteins made in cells that act as catalysts, to speed up and complete chemical processes. Each enzyme targets a specific biochemical reaction involving a specific substrance. Most work within the cells themselves, but others are secreted by cells for external action, e.g. the digestive enzymes released into the gut.
Essential fatty acid	An amino acid that is required by animals but that they cannot synthesize within the body; it must be supplied in the diet
Essential minerals	In addition to Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen, seven major minerals are required for a healthy body: Potassium, Chlorine, Sodium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium. A number of Trace Minerals are important for health as well but needed in much smaller amounts.
Essential oil	A class of generally aromatic volatile oils; the essences extracted from plants for use in flavoring foods, perfumes, and medicines. Some essential oils have been used therapeutically for thousands of years.
Exotoxin	A toxin secreted by a microorganism and released into the environment in which it grows.
Fats	Fats are found in three broad areas: vegetable oils (corn oil, peanut oil, olive oil), meats (the white layer which outlines the cut of meat) and dairy products (butter, margarine). All of the common unsaturated fatty acids are liquid (oils) at room temperature. Through the process of hydrogenation, hydrogen can be incorporated into certain unsaturated fatty acids so that they are converted into solid fats for cooking purposes. Margarine is an example of the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids into a solid substance.
Fat soluable vitamins	A variety of organic substances essential to human health and nutrition that dissolve in fat. They require fat for absorption and are metabolized with fat in the body. High doses of fat soluble vitamins are potentially toxic and should be avoided. Includes vitamins A, D, E, and others.
Fatty acid	Any of a large group of organic acids, especially those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils. Fatty acids are mainly long chains of hydrocarbons ending in a carboxyl group. A fatty acid is saturated when the bonds between carbon atoms are all single bonds. It is unsaturated when any of these bonds is a double bond.
Feng Shui	Rules in Chinese philosophy that govern spatial arrangement and orientation in relation to patterns of yin and yang and the flow of energy (qi); commonly used to create and encourage a sense of harmony in your relationship with physical belongings. Clutter, for Example, is generally seen as a negative.
Fiber	The parts of grains, fruits, and vegetables that contain cellulose and are not digested by the body. Fiber helps the intestines absorb water, which increases the bulk of the stool and causes it to move more quickly through the colon. Soluble fiber dissolves in water.
Fight or flight	A physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. It was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon. His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, priming the animal for fighting or fleeing. The adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously and releases the neurotransmitter epinephrine. The release of chemical messengers results in the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases blood pressure, blood sugar, and suppresses the immune system.
Flax seed	The seeds from a flowering annual herb found in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Flax seeds are used for constipation and as a source of omega-3 fatty acids.
Free radical	Any of a family of highly reactive molecules containing an unpaired electron in the outer orbital; Free Radicals cause random damage to structural proteins, enzymes, macromolecules, DNA, playing major roles in inflammation, hyperoxidation, and tissue damage.
Fungus	A single-celled or multi-celled organism without chlorophyll that reproduces by spores and lives by absorbing nutrients from organic matter. Most fungal infections are superficial and mild, though persistent and difficult to eradicate. Some, particularly in older, debilitated, or immuno-suppressed people, may become systemic and life threatening.
Gall bladder	A small pouchlike organ located beneath the liver; re-sponsible for storing bile and secreting it into the small intestine (duodenum).
Gallstone	A stone-like mass in the gallbladder or in a bile duct, composed chiefly of cholesterol, calcium salts, and bile pigments.
Getting Started period	A period of preparation for this course, prior to beginning the actual 28-day cleanse. You'll read, watch the videos, do some shopping and clearing of cupboards.
Glutamine	A crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins; important in protein metabolism
Glutathione	A liver enzyme that is important as an antioxidant, and instrumental in the glutathione conjugation detoxification pathway.
Gluten	A protein substance that remains when starch is removed from cereal grains; gives cohesiveness to dough. It is a common allergen.
Glycine	A nonessential amino acid occurring widely as a component of animal and plant proteins..
Hydration	Taking in enough water to support our physical and metabolic activity and to prevent dehydration. Drink half your body weight (lbs) in ounces each day. (Should be adjusted if exercising or at altitude or in hot/dry conditions.)
Hydrogenation	The addition of hydrogen to a substance, especially an unsaturated fat, fatty acid or oil, in order to make it solid.
Intention	Your personal goals or objectives for this cleanse. You will write them down so they can be reviewed periodically to increase your focus and commitment to your cleansing process.
Interstitial fluid	The fluid surrounding cells that bathes most tissues, excluding the fluid contained within the lymph and blood vessels.
Intracellular fluid	The portion of the body's total water (with its dissolved substances) that is held within the cell membranes.
Iron	Iron is required for many proteins and enzymes, notably hemoglobin in red blood cells. Dietary sources of iron include: red meat, fish (tuna, salmon), grains, dry beans, eggs, spinach, chard, turmeric, cumin, parsley, lentils, tofu, asparagus, leafy green vegetables, soybeans, shrimp, beans, tomatoes, olives, and dried fruit.
Keepers and Castaways	The official food list for your cleanse. Keepers are those foods which are permitted; Castaways are foods to be avoided. Classification is based on whether the food is acid- or alkaline-forming in the body as well as whether it is a common allergen, habit forming or leads to an inflammation response. Examples: highly processed foods, dairy, caffeine and alcohol are Castaways; green leafy vegetables are Keepers.
Kitcheree	Kitcheree (sometimes spelled Kitchadi) is a traditional Indian food made from split mung beans and basmati rice. It is indeed the wonder food! It’s easy to digest, cleansing to the digestive system, a complete protein and absolutely delicious.
Large intestine	The wide lower section of the intestine that extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus. The large intestine acts mainly to absorb water from digested materials and solidify feces. In most vertebrate animals, it includes the cecum, colon, and rectum.t
Leaky gut	A gastrointestinal tract dysfunction caused by antibiotics, toxins, poor diet, parasites or infections, leading to increased intestinal wall permeability and absorption of toxins, bacteria, fungi, parasites into the blood stream.
Liver	A large and complex reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.
Lymph	A clear, watery, sometimes faintly yellowish fluid derived from body tissues that contains white blood cells and circulates throughout the lymphatic system, returning to the venous bloodstream through the thoracic duct. Lymph acts to remove bacteria and certain proteins from the tissues, transport fat from the small intestine, and supply mature lymphocytes to the blood.
Lymphatic system	A network of vessels, tissues, and organs in vertebrate animals that helps the body regulate fluid balance and fight infection. The vessels of the lymphatic system drain excess fluid, called lymph, from the tissues and return it to the circulating blood.
Magnesium	A major mineral in the body that is required for processing ATP (energy release) and for bones. Sources include raw nuts, soy beans, spinach, chard, sea vegetables, tomatoes, halibut, beans, ginger, cumin, cloves and sea salt.
Manganese	A trace mineral that acts as a cofactor in enzyme functions. Dietary sources include: spelt grain, brown rice, beans, spinach, pineapple, tempeh, rye, soybeans, thyme, raspberries, strawberries, garlic, squash, eggplant, cloves, cinnamon, turmeric.
Metabolism	The sum total of the bio-chemical processes affecting a particular substance in the body, rg, carbohydrate metabolism, iodine metabolism.
N-acetyl cysteine	N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a derivative of cysteine. This compound is sold as a dietary supplement commonly claiming antioxidant and liver protecting effects. It is used as a cough medicine because it breaks disulfide bonds in mucus and liquefies it, making it easier to cough up.
Naturopathic doctor	Naturopaths believe in the power of the body's natural processes to heal illness. Naturopathy is a therapeutic system that relies on using natural agents like light, natural foods, warmth, massage, and fresh air. This cleanse follows naturopathic principles.
Neurotransmitter	A chemical in the brain that transmits messages between neurons, or nerve cells. Changes in the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, are thought to be related to various disorders.
Night shade vegetables	Potatoes, tomatoes, sweet and hot peppers, eggplant, tomatillos, tamarios, pepinos, pimentos, paprika, and cayenne peppers are classified as nightshade foods. A particular group of substances in these foods, called alkaloids, can impact nerve-muscle function and digestive function in animals and humans, and may also be able to compromise joint function. They are generally to be avoided during the cleanse.
Nut butter	A nut butter is a spreadable food made by crushing nuts. The result has a high fat content and can be spread like true butter, but is otherwise unrelated. Nut butters include: Almond butter, Cashew butter, Hazelnut butter, Macadamia nut butter, Peanut butter, Pecan butter, Pistachio butter, Walnut butter
Nutrient	Any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and/or build tissue.
Nutrient density	Is defined as a ratio of nutrient content to the total energy content of a food. Nutrient-dense food is opposite to energy-dense food (also called "empty calorie" food). Nutrient-dense foods are those foods that provide substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals and relatively few calories. Fruits and vegetables are the nutrient-dense foods, while products containing added sugars, processed cereals, and alcohol are not.
Organic	Foods that are produced using methods of organic farming – with limited synthetic inputs such as synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers, though some pesticides, such as Bt toxin, are still used. Organic foods are also not processed using irradiation, industrial solvents, or chemical food additives.
Ornithine	An amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is important in the formation of urea
Osmosis	Diffusion of molecules through a semi-permeable membrane, eg, cell wall, from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
Pancreas	A large elongated gland located behind the stomach that secretes pancreatic juice and insulin
Peptide	Substance combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein
pH	(From potential of Hydrogen) provides a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (where 7 is neutral and greater than 7 is more basic and less than 7 is more acidic); the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter.
Phasing In period	The beginning of your cleanse. Days 1 - 5 are about beginning to eat from the Keepers and Castaways list as you wean yourself away from sugar, caffeine and gluten.
Phasing Out period	The last five days of your cleanse (Days 24 - 28). During this period you return to the more flexible meal pattern of the Phasing In period but stick with the Keepers and Castaways list.
Phytonutrient	A substance derived from plants, such as a pigment, that is beneficial to health, especially one that is neither a vitamin nor a mineral
Post-Cleanse Questionnaire	A repeat of the Check-In Questionnaire administered at the end of the cleanse. Results of the before and after are displayed side-by-side and participants are often amazed at the changes they find.
Probiotics	Are micro-organisms that have claimed health benefits when consumed. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics, but certain yeasts and bacilli may also be used. Probiotics are commonly consumed as part of fermented foods with specially added active live cultures, such as in yogurt, soy yogurt, or as dietary supplements.
Protease	Enzymes that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids during digestion
Protein	Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of chains of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat, eggs, milk as well as many vegetable sources, Nuts and legumes, including navy beans, chickpeas, soybeans, and split peas, are all good sources
Selenium	A trace mineral that acts as a cofactor essential to activity of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase. Sources include: Brazil nuts, cold water wild fish (cod, halibut, salmon), tuna, lamb, turkey, calf liver, mustard, mushrooms, barley, cheese, garlic, tofu, seeds.
Shiatsu	A type of massage treatment that applies deep pressure with the fingers to specific pressure points on the body
Simple carbohydrates	Are the most basic units of biologically important carbohydrates. They are the simplest forms of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystalline solids. Some have a sweet taste. (Also known as 'monosaccharides' from Greek 'monos' = single, 'sacchar' = sugar.)
Simple sugar	A sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates.
Small intestine	The longest part of the alimentary canal; where digestion is completed.
Smooth Move Tea	A gentle, natural laxative taken as a tea that can be effective in the early stages of constipation. Available in most health food stores and coops.
Smoothie	A thick smooth drink consisting of fresh fruit and or vegetables pureed with nut milks. Your breakfast meal during most of the cleanse. See the recipes tab and be creative.
Start Date	The kickoff date for your 28-day cleanse. Take a few days during the Getting Ready phase to do some learning and planning. Then you'll be asked to set a 'Start Date' to begin the counter for your 28 days.
Steroid	A complex molecule containing carbon atoms in four interlocking rings forming a hydrogenated cyclopentophenanthrene-ring system; three of the rings contain six carbon atoms each and the fourth contains five. Steroids are important in body chemistry. Among them are the male and female sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, and the hormones of the cortices of the adrenal glands, including cortisone. Vitamins of the D group are steroids involved in calcium metabolism. Cholesterol is the main building block of steroid hormones in the body; it is also converted into bile salts by the liver.
Stevia	A member of the sunflower family, also known as sweetleaf, sweet leaf, sugarleaf, stevia it is widely grown for its sweet leaves. As a sweetener and sugar substitute, stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar. Stevia has up to 300 times the sweetness of sugar but has a negligible effect on blood glucose and so is attractive to people on carbohydrate-controlled diets.
Stomach	The food reservoir and first major site of digestion, located just under the diaphragm. It receives partially processed food and drink from the mouth and esophagus. Its (gastric) glands secrete the gastric juice which, when mixed with food, forms chyme, a semifluid substance suitable for further digestion by the intestine.
Stress	In humans, stress results from interactions between persons and their environment that are perceived as straining or exceeding their adaptive capacities and threatening their well-being. The element of perception indicates that human stress responses reflect differences in personality, as well as differences in physical strength or general health. The causes of stress can include any event or occurrence that a person considers a threat to his or her coping strategies or resources. Researchers generally agree that a certain degree of stress is a normal part of a living organism's response to the inevitable changes in its physical or social environment, and that positive, as well as negative, events can generate stress as well as negative occurrences. Stress-related disease, however, results from excessive and prolonged demands on an organism's coping resources. It is now believed that 80-90% of all disease is stress-related.
Stressor	A stimulus or event that provokes a stress response in an organism. Stressors can be categorized as acute or chronic, and as external or internal to the organism.
Sulfation	A phase-II detoxification pathway that occurs in the liver and in which compounds that contain sulfur combine with components to remove them from the body. Eating sulfur-rich foods such as garlic, onions and cruciferous vegetables helps to support this pathway.
Toxin	A poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species. Toxins may originate within the body (endotoxins) or outside the body (exotoxins).
Trace minerals	The body requires relatively small amounts of a number of minerals, including Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Copper, Iodine, Selenium, Molybdenum. These are in addition to the 7 Essential Minerals.
Triphala	Is a traditional Ayurvedic medicine made from the fruits of three trees that grow in India and the Middle East (the Sanskrit term triphala means ‘”three fruits”: tri = three, and phala = fruits). The fruits are dried, ground into powder. Triphala is used for: immune system stimulation, improvement of digestion, relief of constipation, gastrointestinal tract cleansing, and relief of gas.
Urine	The fluid excreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then discharged from the body through the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (urethra).
Urine pH	The hydrogen ion concentration of the urine, a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. The normal pH value for urine is 4.6 to 8.0. Highly acidic urine may indicate acidic conditions elsewhere within the body. Eating an alkaline rich diet may help greatly.
Vegan	A strict vegetarian; someone who eats no animal or dairy products at all
Vegetarian	Eater of fruits and grains and nuts; There are a range of vegetarian diets, some of which include eggs, dairy and even seafood.
Vitamin A	Any of several fat-soluble vitamins essential for normal vision; prevents night blindness or inflammation or dryness of the eyes
Vitamin B12	A water-soluble vitamin that keeps your nervous system functioning properly and your red blood cells healthy. Your body also needs vitamin B12 to metabolize fatty acids and amino acids and to synthesize the DNA in your cells.
Vitamin B6	A water-soluble vitamin that acts as a coenzyme, which means it helps chemical reactions take place. It plays a vital role in the creation of nonessential amino acids and helps your body break down glycogen, which is the storage form of the simple sugar glucose. Vitamin B6 also helps your body metabolize carbohydrates, protein and fat and keeps your immune system and nervous system healthy.
Vitamin C	A water-soluble vitamin found in fresh fruits (especially citrus fruits) and vegetables. Your body needs vitamin C to make collagen, the most plentiful protein in your body. Collagen helps keep your bones, skin, teeth and blood vessels healthy. Vitamin C also acts as an antioxidant, helping to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer. Contrary to popular belief, vitamin C does not help cure the common cold, but it does keep your immune system healthy.
Vitamin D	A fat-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in the body’s use of calcium and phosphorous. It works by increasing the amount of calcium absorbed from the small intestine, helping to form and maintain bones. Vitamin D benefits the body by playing a role in immunity and controlling cell growth. Children especially need adequate amounts of vitamin D to develop strong bones and healthy teeth.
Vitamin E	A fat-soluble vitamin that iVitamin E benefits the body by acting as an antioxidant, and protecting vitamins A and C, red blood cells, and essential fatty acids from destruction. Recent research indicates that to receive the full benefits of antioxidants and phytonutrients in the diet, one should consume these compounds in the form of fruits and vegetables, not as supplements.
Water soluable vitamins	A variety of organic substances essential to human health and nutrition that dissolve in water. Because of this, your body cannot store excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins for later use. There are a total of nine water-soluble vitamins: the B vitamins -- folate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 -- and vitamin C.
Whole grains	Cereal grains that contain cereal germ, endosperm, and bran, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm. Consumption of whole grains has been associated with lower fasting insulin concentrations when compared to consumption of refined grains, suggesting whole-grain consumption to be an important component of reducing risk factors for type II diabetes compared to refined grains. Consumption of whole grains has also been consistently linked with a significant decrease in risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Yeast	Any of various single-celled fungi that are normally kept in check by the body. They are fermenters of carbohydrates, and in an overgrowth condition can be pathogenic for humans.
Yerba Mate	A tea-like infusion, called mate in Spanish-speaking countries is prepared by steeping dry leaves (and twigs) of the mate plant in hot water rather than in boiling water. The flavor of brewed mate resembles an infusion of vegetables, herbs, and grass, and is reminiscent of some varieties of green tea. A variety of studies have indicated the antioxidants and nutritional benefits combine to help improve the immune system, detoxify the body, relieve allergies, reduce the risk of diabetes and hypoglycemia, burns more calories, acts as an appetite suppressant and weight loss tool, increases the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the heart, may reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes, increases mental energy and focus, improves mood, and promotes a deeper sleep, however sleep may be affected in people who are sensitive to caffeine.
Zinc	A trace mineral that is required for production of several enzymes. Sources include: eggs, dry beans, mushrooms, spinach, asparagus, scallops, red meat, green peas, yogurt, oats, seeds, miso.